[Amaterasu]

Have you tired of the empty promises of politicians? Have you seen the “divide and conquer” successes in everything from school teams to country identities? Do you want the planet to coexist?

Perhaps you might consider the Ethical Planetarian Party.

What is the Ethical Planetarian Party? What are its goals and platform?

First, we stand for upholding the three Laws:

Do not willfully harm or kill another Being

Do not willfully take or damage another Being’s property

Do not willfully defraud another Being

In other words, we choose to maintain civil interaction, face to face. The biological parent has precedence in the case of our children, unless there is evidence that these same Laws are not kept with them as well. They are Beings, too.

Second, we are predicated on the idea that Humans should be free to take advantage of the abundance of the planet by eliminating money.

Third, we strive to allow religious choice, believing that there are as many Callings as there are Beings, and as long as the Laws are kept, how One approaches that which One is, is to be respected.

Fourth, we expect the use of technology under these Laws, with peaceful intent, including free energy – the key to eliminating money. We know much is presently hidden in fear that we might exact retribution or follow folly, but we are of the opinion, based on evidence, that when Humans have no money, generosity and loving behavior is expended to help those in need. With technology we both have personal awareness of and much science and anecdote grasped, we know we can eliminate money as a necessity and provide abundance for everyone.

We are out to eliminate poverty.

Fifth, we will bring forth a website where problems can be brought up locally and people can “vote” to bump a problem up, down, show apathy by not voting, and chime in with solutions (which can be cheered and booed). Issues will drop off after the original poster indicates that the problem has been resolved or withdrawn, or there has been no activity after, say, six months (that is not set in stone).

Also, issues with some set number of bumps up will be considered issues that need a wider awareness and go to regional sections. From there, continental, perhaps, and then global, as more are needed to be involved in solving the problem. Problems will beget the awareness to solve them.

Without money as a motive, problems will be solved more creatively, directly, harmoniously, and within the three Laws.

Sixth, we are staunch in our support of an organic planet. Though hybridization is an awesome tool, genetically modifying organisms is NOT. Without money, there is no motivation to create GMO. We know that organics can produce on par yield and better nutrition than their petrochemically “fertilized” brethren. Any non-organic approaches to problems will be highly discouraged, unless it is seen that such a solution is the best.

Seventh, we see that, without money, we can build machines – robots – to do all necessary work. Without work as an “ethic,” we substitute a “betterment ethic,” and encourage all to look for ways – within the three Laws and with organic solutions prized – to improve conditions on this planet for everyone, and offer these ideas for consideration and possible action.

Eighth, we understand that virtually all crime is, on one level or another, related to money, and without money as motive, virtually all crime will vanish – leaving the very few, passion-related crimes for us to deal with. We will deal with all crime publicly, and those who care can and will decide each case. Most such choice of behavior will lead to social pariah-hood for the perpetrators.

Ninth, we support open source in all things we program. This allows for many to make suggestions for betterment, and ensures that no one will create outside the three Laws. It also eliminates “back doors,” and other surreptitious software segments that bog down the clean functioning of the program. Without money as a motive, programmers will be proud to offer their work for scrutinization and use, openly and freely. Status will be gained for the creating the best programs.

Tenth, we understand that food waste is rampant with food distributed by profit, abundant as it is but poorly and/or untimely delivered. Without money, food distribution will be based on need and not profit, ensuring that waste is minimal, food is fresh for all (no one waiting for the wilted cast-offs), and readily available.

Though these approaches are revolutionary, we understand that if enough people are on board, a fresh, free, fun, and fulfilling life will be ours – and everyone else’s – as we choose. No one needs to change anything except where there is a problem – and then those who care are free to solve it within the three Laws.

Without money, bureaucracy will become unnecessary, vastly reducing paper use, and streamlining solutions. Jobs in banking, insurance, and other such money-related industries will disappear, and in their place, the opportunity to spend time as One wishes.

Transportation will be free – for ourselves, our food and product systems, and any other transportation needs. This offers the ability to go where One wishes, moving food to where it is needed, and other freedom we presently do not have, with transportation energy costing so much.

We are a planetary party and decry any solutions that maintain a “divide and conquer” attitude or outcome, including stateism, nationalism, partyism, teamism, etc. We are one species on one planet, and we seek to benefit the planet ethically and wholly.

To join, merely state that you are a member. All that is required, as a Party member is to inform others about the Ethical Planetarian Party – send this link, or copy and paste to email this content.

[Amaterasu]

An article I wrote that helps to grasp the underpinnings of the Ethical Planetarian Party:

The End of Entropy:
A Look at Our Entropic World and the Evidence Supporting How We Could Change This

by Amaterasu, 2010


Entropy… That measure of disorder that increases as energy is dissipated into unusable forms effects many aspects of our present human condition. It is easy to grasp the principle as it pertains directly to heat. We see the energy of a fire heat our food, but we also can see a great deal of heat going out unused and unusable. This extra heat can be seen as increasing the disorder, as the molecules affected move more rapidly and more disorderedly. A more difficult aspect to see is the entropy inherent in our social structure.

In Jeremy Rifkin’s seminal work Entropy, published in 1980, he does an excellent job of demonstrating that, because energy is at the base of life, itself, entropy can ripple through society, creating disorder even as we try to clamp down and control the order of things. In fact, he paints a very grim picture of what we can expect as we consume more and more energy, explaining that fascist tendencies are most likely to crop up in the efforts to overcome entropy in our society. Today we see more and more signs of encroaching fascism.

The reason why energy and its entropy are tied in to our social structures is made clear by Rifkin in his work (p. 89):

… Every time we add our labor to a product or perform a service we expend energy and increase the overall entropy of the environment. Every time we exchange money for a product or a service, the legal tender we use represents payment for previous energy that we expend. Money, after all, is nothing more than stored energy credits.

If money is merely the accounting of the available energy, it becomes clear that should an energy source come along that has the properties of being effectively infinite, available from anywhere, and negentropic (from “negative entropy”), the need for money dissipates. “Infinite money” has no social application.

In fact, because of our limited available energy and the money system developed to account for it, it is clear why we have a “power” elite, as well as poverty and exploitation. Rifkin explains (p. 57):

Energy is the basis of human culture, just as it is the basis of life. Therefore, power in every society ultimately belongs to whoever controls the exosomatic [external] instruments that are used to transform, exchange, and discard energy. Class divisions, exploitations, privilege, and poverty are all determined by how a society’s energy flow line is set up. Those who control the exosomatic instruments control the energy flow line. They determine how the work in society will be divided up and how the economic rewards will be allocated among various groups and constituencies.

Given this, it becomes clear that if such an infinite, available, negentropic source of energy were to be introduced, power over others would give way to individual autonomous power over self but no others. This can be seen as a major shift in Consciousness on this planet.

This all sounds hypothetical, a waste of time to contemplate even, to the average individual who has been told that we are stuck with the many entropic sources of energy we presently use (which also are sources we have to pay for). “Where is this miracle source?” they might ask.

And here is where I bring up the “Dark” Energy that is now heralded all over science shows about physics and cosmology. This energy, which has been called “radiant energy” and “cosmic rays” (Tesla), “orgone” (Wilhelm Reich), “Zero Point Energy,” and many others, is pervading space. It is within you and within me, around all of us, and is present anywhere we go. Interestingly, though we are told of this energy (usually as “Dark” Energy), no mainstream media (MSM) outlet has asked the most logical question: Can we extract this energy in usable form?

The reasons for this become clear when we look at the fact that those presently in power would have to give up their power over others (having already power over themselves). From the perspective of those few, they would “lose.”

Such an energy source would represent, at least, a virtually infinite source that is available to all. Any attribution of a negentropic aspect comes from reports from a number of sources suggesting that cold, not heat, is the defining characteristic of drawing on this source. These reports and the surrounding research and data have surely been suppressed – at least to the extent of not reporting it and never, ever asking whether we can get something usable from “Dark” Energy. It would be a naïve position at best to expect the present power elite to ignore and NOT suppress and disparage any efforts to develop this source in usable form.

And so, it would appear that we have had methods of extracting usable forms of energy from the “Dark” Energy pool, called the plenum (opposite of “vacuum,” from a root which means “empty” – “plenum” means “full”) for at least 100 years. And we might conclude that the power elite wish to remain in their place of power over others, else they would have released the means to extract usable energy to the public. (There is strong evidence of suppression of many “free” energy devices, from hydrogen-from-water devices through magnetic devices, as well as the Plenum Energy methods.)

The question now becomes, what would happen if we had this energy available to all of us? The answer depends on how we, as a planetary society, approach the matter.

Since we’re examining society, it helps to understand that it moves and emerges in fractal expressions from a relatively small seed set of parameters. Up until now, the fractal seeds of all societies in history have included scarcity of energy (which is reflected in the scarcity of goods and money), and thus we see emerging greed, conspiracy, poverty, power elite, wage slavery and many other ills. If we look for a seed that gives an overarching structure for a society’s development in the advent of having such a source of energy available, and take advantage of what media we can to raise awareness to the tipping point of the goals and precepts we define, the society that fractalizes out of that seed will be strong, healthy, and unrestrictive – provided the seed is geared to that end.

The key things that must be addressed are:

1. A code of conduct
2. Our approach to the Earth and how we bring forth the abundance she has to give
3. How open we will be on code and programs for our machines
4. How necessary work gets done
5. How we communicate and identify the primary issues
6. What focus in life should be stressed

If we seed our society with a code of conduct, calling to the fore the three Laws – which are:

1. Do not willfully harm or kill another Being
2. Do not willfully take or damage another Being’s property
3. Do not willfully defraud another Being

this sets one parameter of the seed to ethics.

If we insist that all farming be organic – in its true sense, and not some trumped up legal definition – our food will grow ever better. If we insist that mining is done with a conscious awareness for retaining beauty and structure, our impact will be small and repairable. If we insist that manufacturing be done such that it is free of pollutants, our planet will remain healthy and abundant. If we are using the Plenum Energy, the energy we use will be clean (and fracture drilling, oil pumping, coal mining, rain forest clearing and other nasty behaviors and consequences associated with petrofuels will be eliminated). If we set this parameter of the seed with the drive to be thoughtful of our planet, our planet will thrive.

If we demand open-source in all technology, we remove fears of machines “taking over.” Code can be looked at, published on the web – and better code will be worked out by those whose bliss it is to program things. A distrust of proprietary code (or any other hidden thing) should be promoted. Such a setting in this parameter of the seed will bring forth the best we can create.

By creating robots to do all the necessary work no one (or not enough people) wants to, we release ourselves to do what we enjoy – we are released from slavery, having cast it off onto our machines. This seed parameter is one only now available to humanity. Never before in our history have we had the option to create mechanical slaves for every “dirty job.” Therefore, it, along with the addition of a negentropic energy source, will provide a frame for unique emergence, a new societal framework, a new consciousness.

With a central website, in forum style, to address major issues – divided into local sections, regional sections and global sections, with “votes” at a certain level elevating the problems and solutions to the next level to be voted on by a greater number – we can collectively coordinate to solve the issues of this planet. This seed parameter will see an emergence of human unity as a race and as a planet.

Setting a focus of fulfilling one’s own bliss will see very much happier people, and far better results of efforts made – a job is done far better by someone who loves to do it than by one who feels compelled against their main desire. No job will be required to live well, but any job one wants to do is open to be done. I quote again from Rifkin’s Entropy (p. 210) to illustrate the differences between the scarcity paradigm and the new abundance paradigm, as it relates to work:

… [T]he authoritarian structure of the workplace robs the individual worker of a chance to join in a community with his fellows to make decisions and develop his talents. Unable to join with others to explore his potential and creativity, the individual is forced to retreat into a shell in which he has neither meaningful rights nor responsibilities at his work. All he is left with is a job, a place to make money, and a degrading environment to which he must submit, eight hours of every day.

Thus we can see how a seed parameter of encouraging one to follow one’s bliss – since in this new paradigm one can – uplifts each one of us and increases the value of consciousness in society.

Having described the seed, how might it be expected to manifest? One of the first products that is likely to be seen are “power boxes,” which will be sold, initially. These would be units that had a mechanism to draw on the Plenum Energy and outlets to plug in our air conditioners, stoves, heaters, refrigerators, freezers, and so forth. This would allow us to move anywhere and bring our comfort items with us. We could “go camping” and still have our amenities, and many will. Eventually these items will each have their own units within.

As the cost of energy is removed from the production line at every stage, things will become less and less expensive, and at some point, will be given freely.

Other observables will include:

• Money falling into disuse
• Motivation from the heart as opposed to profit
• “Greed” becomes meaningless
• Peace
• Abundance for everyone
• Elimination of corruption
• Power over others supplanted by power over self
• Elimination of GMO’s
• Great reduction in violence
• Creative pursuits increased greatly
• A healed planet
• Reduced or eliminated hoarding
• Value placed on human-created art, textiles and products
• Focus on cures, not patentable chemicals that sicken for profit motive
• Human interaction with only those whose company is enjoyable (reduced social friction)
• Robotic stewardship of the planet
• Increased love and compassion
• Greatly reduced stress
• Wondrous works
• “Live and let live” behavior
• Most “laws” become unnecessary
• Corporate power eliminated
• Products made to last – no “planned obsolescence”
• Waste reduced to virtually nil
• Food nutrition increased for all
• One’s reputation becomes the “coin” one uses
• Personal responsibility for one’s own behavior
• Spiritual growth
• Slavery (outright or wage-slavery) abolished
• Human dignity encouraged
• Increase in charitable behavior
• Self autonomy
• Things are done because someone cares – from raising children to caring for others

From this list, it is clear that many issues we now face will be solved. Wealth will be measured in richness of character, rather than in deposits to a bank account. And we will spend our time doing what we like to do, being with the people we like and share interests with. Inventions, rather than being suppressed, will burgeon, and the “Star Trek universe” may be within our grasp, with things like transporters and replicators emerging.

And spiritual growth and communication will be encouraged as we find a greater amount of our time available to pursue the exploration of our inner dimension.

And though this is not a solution to every issue arising from human interaction – we will always have our personal disagreements – the overall health of society will skyrocket. Yes, we may still argue with others over the smaller issues in our lives, and some may choose to behave violently, but the numbers of occurrences will drop to a level we would consider statistically insignificant. Definitely a vast improvement over what we see today.

When you consider what I present here, ask yourself these questions:

Does this threaten a pet vision – passing laws, say, to solve a problem you see, or a view of striking it rich – that you have of your future? Does this scare you? Do you look for reasons that it won’t work? (All you envision as barrier issues – are scarcity paradigm views…)

Then ask yourself why working towards what I present here won’t solve the issue you want to solve, why you wouldn’t be rich in what I show to you, why it wouldn’t fulfill your idea of heaven, why you are afraid, and/or why you look for reasons it won’t work – rather than apply the proactive will to make this happen.

If we each choose to create this, since we have all it would take, consciously co-creating towards this goal, what I present would happen. It would take enough of us reaching a tipping point before it would all be downhill, and you may choose your future behavior. Speak for abundance, or reduce the chances that this will ever happen by keeping silent.

In closing, I recommend any who work for someone else and also are privy to information (such as methods of extracting usable energy from the plenum) give strong consideration to coming forth with what is known. In the end, you and all of us will be better off – and even today’s power elite will retain their life style, if not their power over us.

[Amaterasu]

No input? Really? I was hoping for intelligent discussion...

[AnnoyingConservative]

I just need to clear something up for you. Getting rid of money will not remove poverty. What you know as money is what is known as the green note. The green note was originally backed by gold. To my knowledge that is no longer so. Money can represent time. Time put into work for example. It can represent anything the person wants it to.

If you get rid of money, we will return to bartering. Then, the measure of a man's worth will be in how many goats or cattle he has. And after some time, we will return right back to where we were at by resmilting our metals into coins to use as bartering chips. The only way to get rid of money is to get rid of the thought of self worth and the need to measure it. Also, you need to find a way for people to barter that doesn't require someone to give something in exchange for something else. Like say.. having everything be free.

Good luck with that.

[Amaterasu]

You said:

"I just need to clear something up for you. Getting rid of money will not remove poverty. What you know as money is what is known as the green note. The green note was originally backed by gold. To my knowledge that is no longer so. Money can represent time. Time put into work for example. It can represent anything the person wants it to."

What I mean by "money' is... Shells, barter, coin, bills, electronic credits, plastic... Everything. Money IS power IS energy. They all are different manifestations of the same thing.

You said:

"If you get rid of money, we will return to bartering. Then, the measure of a man's worth will be in how many goats or cattle he has. And after some time, we will return right back to where we were at by resmilting our metals into coins to use as bartering chips. The only way to get rid of money is to get rid of the thought of self worth and the need to measure it. Also, you need to find a way for people to barter that doesn't require someone to give something in exchange for something else. Like say.. having everything be free."

No. If we get rid of the need for money, we may have what we want as we want it. And actually, by boosting self worth through personal freedom. You are struggling with the paradigm shift here. You are still thinking in terms of scarcity. This is the abundance paradigm.

You said:

"Good luck with that."

Though I suspect you are being disingenuous with this remark, I will nonetheless thank you for your well-wishing. It is an uphill battle to bring for consideration these ideas to many, and though I don't ask for "belief," I do humbly request a willingness to offer these ideas to others for their consideration. The only way this will work is if enough of us are aware of what we are presently capable of doing - IF enough of us are aware of what we can do.

Thank you for your response.

[AnnoyingConservative]

To get rid of the need for money you have to get rid of the feeling of ownership. Or you must have a 'public ownership' system like in Socialisms or Communisms.

[Amaterasu]

You said:

"To get rid of the need for money you have to get rid of the feeling of ownership. Or you must have a 'public ownership' system like in Socialisms or Communisms."

Not so. Socialism and communism are both scarcity paradigm solutions. For example, communism is the idea of a "pie" sliced evenly amongst all. With limitless energy (money/power), what emerges is abundance, which, using the same illustration, would equate to having many, many, many "pies" from which each may have as much or as little as possible.

Pesky thing, that shifting paradigms.

[AnnoyingConservative]

How is your party different then? How are the pies sliced?

[Amaterasu]

Lessee...

With all the energy we need to produce things and transport things - and with robots to do the things no one (or not enough) wants to do - and with the Interweb to coordinate problem-solving efforts... We can punch up requests on the Interweb and have our selections delivered...by robots.

Once the cost of energy is removed, top to bottom, there is nothing left in cost.

[AnnoyingConservative]

OK... what does all that have to do with money. How is you getting rid of money unlike the Communist removal of private ownership?

[Amaterasu]

You said:

"OK... what does all that have to do with money. How is you getting rid of money unlike the Communist removal of private ownership?"

I am beginning to suspect you failed to read what I wrote. Money represents energy expended (independently concluded by me and supported in Jeremy Rifkin's 1980 book, Entropy). With infinite energy, we wind up with infinite money - which has no social application. As the cost of money is removed, top to bottom, there will be nothing left of cost.

I suggest actually reading what I wrote. It may assist in shifting your paradigm.

[Cartertonian]

Moderator Note: Amaterasu, please learn to use the 'Quote' function. Look here, where I explain how to quote to another poster.

[The Clockwork Rat]

*cough*

Alternatively, you could use this link to the post itself: http://www.politicsforum.org/forum/view ... #p13624045

Cocky little bugger remark: At the top-left of each post is a little page icon ( or ) which links to the post itself.

[Cartertonian]

Right! You're off the christmas card list!

[AnnoyingConservative]

Money represents the value of one's belongings, not energy. If it was energy, I would need more than the few pennies to power this laptop. And I wanted to read more, but the idea of getting rid of money was so foolish that I couldn't go on. But I'll amuse you.

If money is merely the accounting of the available energy, it becomes clear that should an energy source come along that has the properties of being effectively infinite, available from anywhere, and negentropic (from “negative entropy”), the need for money dissipates. “Infinite money” has no social application.

Money might be the accounting of energy, but it is not energy. Building a 'money energy source' that is infinite is not only impossible, it doesn't make sense.

And here is where I bring up the “Dark” Energy that is now heralded all over science shows about physics and cosmology.

If 'Dark Energy' is like 'Dark Matter' then there is no proof that ether exists. The matter was invented when the formulas for the Big Bang theory didn't add up with the current matter within the universe. Sense then, the Big Bang theory has grown even more holes and questions in it's validy.

Can we extract this energy in usable form?

If it did exist, then it would be a huge NO. If Dark Energy is like Dark Matter, then when it comes in contact with regular matter and energy, it explodes in a huge matter-energy explosion. If you don't know, a matter-energy explosion is where the entirey of matter is instantly converted into energy. It would be 100,000 times the size of a nuclear explosion with equal matter.

1. Do not willfully harm or kill another Being
2. Do not willfully take or damage another Being’s property
3. Do not willfully defraud another Being

In case you didn't know, we already have these laws.

If we insist that all farming be organic – in its true sense, and not some trumped up legal definition – our food will grow ever better. If we insist that mining is done with a conscious awareness for retaining beauty and structure, our impact will be small and repairable. If we insist that manufacturing be done such that it is free of pollutants, our planet will remain healthy and abundant. If we are using the Plenum Energy, the energy we use will be clean (and fracture drilling, oil pumping, coal mining, rain forest clearing and other nasty behaviors and consequences associated with petrofuels will be eliminated). If we set this parameter of the seed with the drive to be thoughtful of our planet, our planet will thrive.

Can you back this up with any reserach? 'All farming be organic'. I'm guessing you mean not using bug killers or anything that is used to enhance animals. What you would get are animals with a smaller meat output and crops being attacked by bugs and disease. While we do need to be more careful of what we do use, getting rid of them ouright would do more harm and good.

'If we insist that mining is done with a.. awareness for retaining beauty and structure.' These are relitive to the viewer. Who will be the one to deside how far is too far? And what if the resources we need requires a few mountains to be hollowed out or a forest to be uprooted? You going ot tell the world that the planet is worth more than the humans on it?

And there is nothing that a human can do that is free of pollutants. Especially in this age. We'd have to go back to the stone age to even minimalize our effect. That's both in technology and population.

I can't find information on Plenum Energy so I'm going to ignore that.

If we demand open-source in all technology, we remove fears of machines “taking over.” Code can be looked at, published on the web – and better code will be worked out by those whose bliss it is to program things. A distrust of proprietary code (or any other hidden thing) should be promoted. Such a setting in this parameter of the seed will bring forth the best we can create.

Excuse me while I take a moment.. *muffled laughter* Right. machines 'taking over'. A bunch of crock from someone who watches too many scifi movies. And for your information, there is no such thing as 'hidden code'. Anyone can dissect a program and see what someone else has written. Though whether or not you can understand programming is different entirely.

By creating robots to do all the necessary work no one (or not enough people) wants to, we release ourselves to do what we enjoy – we are released from slavery, having cast it off onto our machines. This seed parameter is one only now available to humanity. Never before in our history have we had the option to create mechanical slaves for every “dirty job.” Therefore, it, along with the addition of a negentropic energy source, will provide a frame for unique emergence, a new societal framework, a new consciousness.

I thought you were worried about robots taking over? You are forgetting what happens when one robot takes over a job. It takes 5 more people to keep that one robot running. (The fun thing about advancing technology. the easier things become, the more people it takes to keep it that way.) I could make a 1000 word essay on the different jobs that are required to run one robot for one job. And even as advanced as we all. Only on very controlled situations are robots able to do things better than a human. And even then, a human still checks settings and criticizes the work before it goes on to the rest of the things robots can't do.

With a central website, in forum style, to address major issues – divided into local sections, regional sections and global sections, with “votes” at a certain level elevating the problems and solutions to the next level to be voted on by a greater number – we can collectively coordinate to solve the issues of this planet. This seed parameter will see an emergence of human unity as a race and as a planet.

Where it can be hacked or people can lie and if you can't lie then it's hard to be anonymous so people won't be eager to speak their minds.

As the cost of energy is removed from the production line at every stage, things will become less and less expensive, and at some point, will be given freely.

HA! In a system where everyone owns everything like Communism, maybe. But if I made the best chicken in town, I would like to be payed to sell it to everyone because even if you take the cost of energy away. You still have the cost of labor which has the largest slice of cost.

Once again, I couldn't go though it all. It just sounds like a dream land of idealistic wants and desires with no hint as to how things will be done. I'm washing my hands of this. Good day.

[Amaterasu]

Well... Thank you for reading. I could point out failures in your logic, but I surmise I will just get more argument and little insight, little shifting of paradigm, if I plow though your responses. You have demonstrated that you are stuck in the scarcity paradigm with the last of your comments.

So to ensure no further arguments come from you, I'm just going to say, You're right.

Have a nice life.

[Amaterasu]

Moderator Note: Amaterasu, please learn to use the 'Quote' function. Look here, where I explain how to quote to another poster.

Thanks for that. This is the first forum that had that function so...unintuitively? placed. I will know for the future.

[Amaterasu]

Anyone else here with thoughts?

[nucklepunche]

This sounds like a synthesis of libertarianism and techno-utopianism.