Potemkin wrote:Smallpox was actually used as a weapon in a campaign of biological warfare against the indigenous Americans, most famously by Jeffery Amherst, among others. So yeah, genocide.
If you are claiming that many individuals in pre independence and post independence America had genocidal attitudes and even intentions towards the Native Americans, I totally accept the point. If you are suggesting that the American nationalist idea that America was founded on peaceful enterprise and non aggression is complete bullshit, then again I'm in complete agreement.
However the question arises why are there so few Natives left when there seems no shortage of non Europeans in for example Morocco, Congo, Angola, Kenya, Pakistan, India, Vietnam. Countries that were colonised by Europeans for varying degrees of time, over 400 years in the case of the Portuguese colonies. None of these show the slightest sign of being victims of non-White genocide. Do you think that the Colonists of Angola were free from murderous racist individuals, but that America was settled by a band of evil psychopaths?
You see Genocide is just not the norm in modern agrarian societies of people towards their socio-economic inferiors. Even Genghis Khan. Sure he was willing to slaughter people, when it was necessary to teach people a lesson, but he'd far rather keep the people for slaves, tribute and tax revenue. The European settlers of the Americas far from trying to cleanse the continent of non White-Europeans went to great trouble and expense to import vast numbers of non White-Europeans from Africa.
So no there just was no long term systematic policy of genocide. Romantasisation of Native Americans by White people started very early, we can already see it with Jefferson. Much of the pre twentieth century co existence was characterised by peace. In many wars Natives and Europeans fought together against other alliances of Natives and Europeans. In some case it was even the natives that dragged the Europeans into native conflicts. The supply of European weapons to Natives certainly hugely increased the death count from inter Indian wars, but it was the Natives who demanded these weapons in their trade deals. It wasn't colonial policy to arm the Natives with seventeenth and eighteenth century weapons of mass destruction.
It was wave after wave of epidemics, intra Indian and intra European war, combined with muskets and the unstoppable demographic tide of Europeans moving West that did for the Native Americans. Deliberate genocide by Europeans played only a very marginal role in their destruction.