- 13 Aug 2016 17:34
#14710105
Almost everyone studies the begining and history of the universe, but very very few scientists and astronomists try to figure out the future of the universe, and 'm not talking about the future like a 1000 years from now, no 'm talking about deep time, the end of the universe it self.
And its understandable why not so many venture into it seriously, its not really that easy to know.
I history of the universe, it already happened, and the universe it self is no more than 14 billion in age which is not that much when you're talking about the universe. Like red dwarfs are expected to have a life span of 1-3 trillion years of age, so whats 14 billion years compared to that ? nothing.
So the universe, since stars and galaxies started forming, has been pretty much in the same state all along until now, so if you're studying a past event, don't worry, it'll happen everywhere again and again in this stage of life of the universe.
However for the far future of the universe, we just cant know whats going to happen, we can theorize about it but we cant prove anything, because while we have observations telling us probable models, there are several possible scenarios and not enough data to tell which one is going to happen or atleast be the one to take the field in ending the universe compared to others.
But, there are several theories based on current observations of the universe and the laws of physics as we know it.
The first one, is the 5 era or stages in the universe.
-first stage, is the primordial era, basically everything from the big bang till the first star formed.
-second stage, stelliferous era, this one is where the stars dominate the field, starts when the first star was born and ends when the last star dies.
-third stage, the degenerate era, at its start the universe will be filled with corpses of stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, and ofcourse some brown dwarfs and planets here and there.
But in this era, matter it self will start to degenerate, all quantom physics models shows that after a period of time, considerably very very long one in our perspective, protons and atoms in whole will start to decay and desolve, so everything in the universe will start to decay and disolve, matter will no longer exist in the form we know it in (i.e it'll still be there just in sub-atomic level).
-fourth stage, black hole era. This will start when everything in the universe disolve and decay, everything dies, and only black holes remains. It'll end when the last black hole evaporates.
-the dark era, which is simply when the last black hole evaporates and nothing is left. it lasts infinitly.
The only things that will be around then, would be small sub-atomic particales, photons, and those types of things in general. But they'll be so low energy, its like the don't even exist, literally.
(fun fact, supermassive black holes are expected to live up to 10 to the power of 92, year. HUUGGGEE)
The second scenario is the dark energy scenario, The big rip.
We now know the dark energy is causing the expansion of the universe to expand, and its accelerating its expansion btw. Thats why we see that all galaxies are moving away from us, in reality galaxies are just setting still not moving anywhere, rather its the space between them expanding. (anther topic we can talk about).
So what does this scenario predicts, well, basically, at some point of time (not soon obviously), dark energy would have so huge effect that the universe would have expanded tremendously. First the observable universe will come down to as low as our own neighborhood of galaxies and nothing outside will be visible to us, then it'll go down to our own galaxy, and the effect will go on and on until its our solar system, then our own planet, then the expansion would become so huge it'll reach atomic levels.
Literally atoms will break apart, and it will keep on until the very fabric of the universe is simply not there anymore. The universe will be in all sense of the word, torn apart.
The third scenario is the big crunch scenario.
This one is a little lower on data to support, but really we don't have that much data to begin with to prove or disprove any scenario.
In this scenario, the universe at a certain point, instead of expanding will reverse and start contracting.
Until it reaches all the way back into a singularity.
The fourth scenario is, which this one is a little far pitched, but it assumes based on levels of energy that the universe as we know has vaccum in it, but some assume that this isn't true vaccum, basically just an illusion. So the universe, or better say the vaccum in the universe isn't in the lowest level of energy, rather the second lowest, where the lowest is true vaccum. In short, a certain event we don't what it could be could rip a region in space into true vaccum, and that region would expand by collapsing regions around it into true vaccum, all up to the entire universe where everything is gone, the laws of physics are rewritten. No one know, nor can know what would actually happen or what could cause it, but space and time will simply be erased.
The fifth scenario, is the multiverse scenario.
Now this is more like a catagory in scenario since it takes several scenarios into it, but nevertheless.
The one i chose to put here, because i like it, is the singularity one, which is basically assumes like in the first scenario that at some point, the universe will filled with black holes, thus singularities.
So this assumes that those singularities wont just evaporate but rather in them selves explode and each creating a new smaller universe on and in it self.
Ofcourse this scenario is the farthest pitched one and we couldn't even if we want to test on it, rather its just based on some probablities of equations.
So which one do you think is most fitting and likely to be the one, or in better words what are your opinions, and do you think other scenario is more probable ?
And its understandable why not so many venture into it seriously, its not really that easy to know.
I history of the universe, it already happened, and the universe it self is no more than 14 billion in age which is not that much when you're talking about the universe. Like red dwarfs are expected to have a life span of 1-3 trillion years of age, so whats 14 billion years compared to that ? nothing.
So the universe, since stars and galaxies started forming, has been pretty much in the same state all along until now, so if you're studying a past event, don't worry, it'll happen everywhere again and again in this stage of life of the universe.
However for the far future of the universe, we just cant know whats going to happen, we can theorize about it but we cant prove anything, because while we have observations telling us probable models, there are several possible scenarios and not enough data to tell which one is going to happen or atleast be the one to take the field in ending the universe compared to others.
But, there are several theories based on current observations of the universe and the laws of physics as we know it.
The first one, is the 5 era or stages in the universe.
-first stage, is the primordial era, basically everything from the big bang till the first star formed.
-second stage, stelliferous era, this one is where the stars dominate the field, starts when the first star was born and ends when the last star dies.
-third stage, the degenerate era, at its start the universe will be filled with corpses of stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, and ofcourse some brown dwarfs and planets here and there.
But in this era, matter it self will start to degenerate, all quantom physics models shows that after a period of time, considerably very very long one in our perspective, protons and atoms in whole will start to decay and desolve, so everything in the universe will start to decay and disolve, matter will no longer exist in the form we know it in (i.e it'll still be there just in sub-atomic level).
-fourth stage, black hole era. This will start when everything in the universe disolve and decay, everything dies, and only black holes remains. It'll end when the last black hole evaporates.
-the dark era, which is simply when the last black hole evaporates and nothing is left. it lasts infinitly.
The only things that will be around then, would be small sub-atomic particales, photons, and those types of things in general. But they'll be so low energy, its like the don't even exist, literally.
(fun fact, supermassive black holes are expected to live up to 10 to the power of 92, year. HUUGGGEE)
The second scenario is the dark energy scenario, The big rip.
We now know the dark energy is causing the expansion of the universe to expand, and its accelerating its expansion btw. Thats why we see that all galaxies are moving away from us, in reality galaxies are just setting still not moving anywhere, rather its the space between them expanding. (anther topic we can talk about).
So what does this scenario predicts, well, basically, at some point of time (not soon obviously), dark energy would have so huge effect that the universe would have expanded tremendously. First the observable universe will come down to as low as our own neighborhood of galaxies and nothing outside will be visible to us, then it'll go down to our own galaxy, and the effect will go on and on until its our solar system, then our own planet, then the expansion would become so huge it'll reach atomic levels.
Literally atoms will break apart, and it will keep on until the very fabric of the universe is simply not there anymore. The universe will be in all sense of the word, torn apart.
The third scenario is the big crunch scenario.
This one is a little lower on data to support, but really we don't have that much data to begin with to prove or disprove any scenario.
In this scenario, the universe at a certain point, instead of expanding will reverse and start contracting.
Until it reaches all the way back into a singularity.
The fourth scenario is, which this one is a little far pitched, but it assumes based on levels of energy that the universe as we know has vaccum in it, but some assume that this isn't true vaccum, basically just an illusion. So the universe, or better say the vaccum in the universe isn't in the lowest level of energy, rather the second lowest, where the lowest is true vaccum. In short, a certain event we don't what it could be could rip a region in space into true vaccum, and that region would expand by collapsing regions around it into true vaccum, all up to the entire universe where everything is gone, the laws of physics are rewritten. No one know, nor can know what would actually happen or what could cause it, but space and time will simply be erased.
The fifth scenario, is the multiverse scenario.
Now this is more like a catagory in scenario since it takes several scenarios into it, but nevertheless.
The one i chose to put here, because i like it, is the singularity one, which is basically assumes like in the first scenario that at some point, the universe will filled with black holes, thus singularities.
So this assumes that those singularities wont just evaporate but rather in them selves explode and each creating a new smaller universe on and in it self.
Ofcourse this scenario is the farthest pitched one and we couldn't even if we want to test on it, rather its just based on some probablities of equations.
So which one do you think is most fitting and likely to be the one, or in better words what are your opinions, and do you think other scenario is more probable ?
Vive la révolution