[Tintin Storm]

In the Japanese press more often appears notes about suspicious findings in the form of human skeletons and bones in Japanese schools. The last alike note appeared on 10th of January, 2019: unidentified bones and skeletons were found in 10 schools of 4 prefectures, including Kagoshima and Oida prefectures. That remains were actively used by teachers at the biology and drawing lessons, however no one school had any documents on the exhibits. Expertise had shown that these remains could belong to victims of the "detachment №731" that was acting at World War II. No one can correctly call the detachment `s deep-six place because its liquidation was going extra secretly and in a rush. Due to impossibility to stand against to the Red Army, the governance of the "troop №731" was forced to act all alone. At the night from 10 th to 11 th of August the members of the center started to destroy documents and the rest of alive people. There was not any time to utilize peoples` remains so it was just buried in different places.
That detachment was formed in 1936 nearby Chinese Harbin city.
Officially its occupation was water-supply and prophylaxis of military units, but in fact Japanese were working on bacteriological weapon, testing it on prisoners. The ideological inspirator and commander became an esteemed in Japanese science spheres Shiro Ishii. Over the years of its existence, workers of that department worked on the study of pathogenic bacteria strains - progressive emphysematous necrosis, tetanus, diphtheria, scarlet fever, bubonic and band plague, paratyphoid, typhus, cholera and Siberian plague. Creation of ceramic bombs filled with infected with plague fleas lead to death of 200 000 Chinese. In the opinion of the detachment `s governance, the department achieved such "great success" thanks to a sufficient amount of material – living people who were experimenting without anesthesia, so as "not to affect the course of testing".
Thus, more than 10 thousand people passed through the killer-doctors. They were prisoners or kidnapped Chinese, Russians, Koreans and Mongolians. No one survived.
Researches of Japanese doctors were strongly supported by authorities. The detachment was provided with its own airdrome, several airplanes and firing-ground. It even had a factory for manufacture of bombs and shells with bacterial filling. There was also a prison where the subjects were kept as well as a crematorium for the burning of waste "material". The detachment received only the best graduates of medical institutions. Working there was very honorable.
Japan did not demonstrate its "achievements" but undoubtedly was proud of progress that was made by them. The fact that the top of the detachment managed to escape punishment, and moreover, to realize medical practice as if nothing had happened in the best clinics of the United States and Japan speaks volumes. Criminals could avoid of punishment exactly thanks to US. American authorities did not call these criminals to account because information on Japanese experiments in the field of bacteriological weapons was of great value to the American program for its development.
Thus, many detachment`s workers could raise their status and position. Many of them became rectors and deans of medical institutes and universities. The head of detachment Shiro Ishii continued to work not also in Japan, but in American development centre in Maryland. In 1978 the chief specialist on cold injury of detachment №731 Yoshimura Hisato who lead experiments on children was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun for his " innovatory work in science."
Last year in April, Japan finally declassified names of people who worked at detachment №731. Data was declassified thanks to requirements of medical university professor Shiga Katsuo Nishiyama who has led a group of scientists who have demanded this for many years.
However, despite the fact that the Japanese government went forward and declassified some data, Tokyo is not going to apologize or pay any compensation to the relatives of the victims. Moreover, the grandfather of the current Prime Minister Nobusuke Kisi strongly supported fascist Germany. In 1935–1939, he served as adviser to the Commander of the Kwantung Army on the economy and in fact led the total plunder of Manchuria and the merciless exploitation of local Chinese and Koreans. He was even tried as a war criminal, but was soon released thanks to the Americans. In the near future we should not wait for progress on this issue. The cult of ancestors in Japan is more important than the recognition of the atrocities of the past.

[ThirdTerm]

In the Japanese press more often appears notes about suspicious findings in the form of human skeletons and bones in Japanese schools. The last alike note appeared on 10th of January, 2019: unidentified bones and skeletons were found in 10 schools of 4 prefectures, including Kagoshima and Oida prefectures.

Until the 1940s, Japanese medical schools preserved numerous real-life specimens of human bodies for educational purposes. These real human skulls are intended to be used for science classes, which were handed down from medical schools to high schools many decades ago. Nowadays, every specimen is made of plastic.

Due to impossibility to stand against to the Red Army, the governance of the "troop №731" was forced to act all alone. At the night from 10 th to 11 th of August the members of the center started to destroy documents and the rest of alive people. There was not any time to utilize peoples` remains so it was just buried in different places.

Unit 731, a covert biological and chemical warfare research unit of the Imperial Japanese Army, was based in northern China because human experiments were illegal inside Japan. Its facilities and specimens were completely destroyed, when the Soviet troops invaded Manchuria in 1945 (Operation August Storm). It was very fortunate, if anyone who were in Manchuria at the time could survive the brutal Soviet incursion, by which 21,000 people were killed and 20,000-30,000 people were taken to Siberia after surrendering to the Soviets.

In August 1945, as Japan’s empire abruptly collapsed, over three million civilians along with close to four million military personnel were living outside of Japan’s home islands. The experience of defeat would prove to be as diverse as the empire itself, and the process of protecting and returning this massive population to Japan would prove to be one of the more pressing issues for the victor nations of the Second World War. Returning to Japan and reintegrating into a destroyed, occupied, rapidly reconstituted nation-state would not prove easy.

In the once bustling port city of Dairen, which for 40 years served as a symbol of Japan’s imperial ambition and achievement as ‘Manchuria’s Gateway’, the days immediately following the war brought an eerie calm. The city had largely escaped the bombing that had so devastated cities in Japan, and Darien’s 200,000 Japanese residents, along with 600,000 Chinese, waited to see what the future would hold. That calm was shattered by the outbreak of sporadic fighting between Chinese and Japanese residents, and by the arrival of Soviet military units, which swept through Manchuria and reached Darien on 22 August.

Here, the Soviet military, which would remain in control until 1950, was responsible, along with their counterpart Chinese authorities, for the fate of the Japanese population. In the weeks after their arrival, the less disciplined Soviet troops indiscriminately raped and looted, and Japanese civilians were often the victim of these attacks. Many former Japanese military personnel were sent to Siberia, perhaps 750,000 in all and likely tens of thousands from Darien. Civilians faced an unknown situation, waiting for repatriation ships amidst the fear and anxiety of living in a now Soviet-occupied Chinese city swelling with Japanese refugees from Manchuria. Many of this latter population were born in the colonies, or had spent considerable portions of their lives in colonial cities like Dairen. What would life hold for them in occupied Japan? Could they stay where they had been living and working?

By choice or by order, industrial experts and advisors would in fact stay on in places like Darien for a number of years after the war. Here they not only provided technical assistance, but actively participated in Soviet and Chinese Communist-backed ceremonies and speeches, emphasizing the transformative power of socialism – a potent form of socialist internationalist propaganda which hammered home the theme that through socialism, imperialist enemies could become socialist friends.

The vast majority of Japanese however, would be repatriated to Japan in 1946 and 1947. Life since 1945 had been traumatic for Japanese civilians. Port cities like Darien swelled with refugees from Manchuria, many describing horrific scenes of fleeing both Soviet military violence and vengeance attacks from local Chinese. Many were forced to abandon children and were separated from family and loved ones. As their livelihoods collapsed with the empire’s end, many civilians had little to do but try and survive and wait their turn to board repatriation ships.

Little did they know that this was the beginning of a painful journey back ‘into’ Japanese society. In the reconstitution of Japan after 1945, those who had lived or were born in the colonies were now labeled ‘repatriates’ (hikiagesha), a politicized category that served to mark them out from the rest of the Japanese population. This operated both legally, as official identity documents used this label, but also in terms of social attitudes and behaviour. In the complex process of internalizing defeat, society itself heaped scorn on the repatriates, who came to symbolize betrayal and national shame. Their experiences served as reminders that the process of decolonization would have human costs both in the former colonial territories but also within the homeland itself, a process that would continue for decades after August 1945.

August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria by DM Glantz - ‎1983

https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals ... tz-lp7.pdf