[Patrickov]

My suspicion is this:

Any person or organisation capable of committing this crime would at least be paramilitary organisations, and very probably governments of nations. Therefore, an arrest can only be made if the suspect is removed from power which, given the charges against them, is unlikely to happen voluntarily.

I wish to know cases that can bust this suspicion.

[SecretSquirrel]

Theoretically they can be arrested abroad if they leave home for some reason.

They could also be kidnapped and "extradited" in some sort of commando raid.

Finally, they can fuck up colossally, like Rudolf Hoess.

[Patrickov]

They could also be kidnapped and "extradited" in some sort of commando raid.

Finally, they can fuck up colossally, like Rudolf Hoess.

The final case still falls into the "war lost" category, while the second case is usually a result of their side losing a war (e.g. Eichmann). For leaders, the kidnapping / raiding is effectively a coup if the kidnap is done by fellows, and a battle if done by enemy or foreign power.