redcarpet wrote:Morris doesn't claim ALL Israeli forces were engaged in the expulsions either. Nor that there was a plan, say signed by Ben Gurion.
In his famous phrase "it was born of war, it was not by design."
Depending on the total, maybe just 10-20% were expelled. The rest fled, as people tend to, from the war and violence to escape and perhaps return after it is all over. sure another 20 % was unofficial, and maybe 50-60% fled, but if the they had not feld they would have been forced out anyway. and as Israeli prevented them from return Israeli is 100% responsible.
The emphasis on 'Palestinians were expelled in 1948' seems to have the intentional implication that all or most were. Which didn't happen. Only a portion were, and there is no evidence the Provisional Cabinet made such a decision. It was a rogue operation by the Israeli military, particularly half-integrated Irgun & Lehi rats that pretended they had reformed.
Morris has idealogical position he does not come to the topic as a neutral. he has a dog in the fight. his peculiar way of working (only from written sources unless the Israelis came back and wrote killed and expelled so many arabs it never happened. it's hardly reliable and certain to under estimate the figures.)
nothing accidental about it. maybe most of the palestinians fled by something like 20% were ordered out by with ben-gurion issuing orders or the commanding officers nothing rogue about it.
the expulsions of lydda and ramble were ordered. nothing rogue about the operation that 10% of the total refugees
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of ... March_1948"Morris also reports expulsions during these events. For example, concerning whether in Operation Hiram there was a comprehensive and explicit expulsion order he replied:
Yes. One of the revelations in the book is that on 31 October 1948, the commander of the Northern Front, Moshe Carmel, issued an order in writing to his units to expedite the removal of the Arab population. Carmel took this action immediately after a visit by Ben-Gurion to the Northern Command in Nazareth. There is no doubt in my mind that this order originated with Ben-Gurion. Just as the expulsion order for the city of Lod, which was signed by Yitzhak Rabin, was issued immediately after Ben-Gurion visited the headquarters of Operation Dani [July 1948]."
" United Nations observers, who had been dispatched to monitor how the partition plan, reported in October that Israeli policy was that of "uprooting Arabs from their native villages in Palestine by force or threat""
"n the Negev the clearing was more complete because "the OC, Allon, was known to want "Arab-clean" areas along his line of advance" and "his subordinates usually acted in accordance"[149] and the inhabitants were almost uniformly Muslim. In the Galilee pocket, for various reasons, about 30–50 per cent of the inhabitants stayed.[150] More specifically regarding the causes of the exodus Morris says: "Both commanders were clearly bent on driving out the population in the area they were conquering," and "Many, perhaps most, [Arabs] expected to be driven out, or worse. Hence, when the offensives were unleashed, there was a 'coalescence' of Jewish and Arab expectations, which led, especially in the south, to spontaneous flight by most of the inhabitants. And, on both fronts, IDF units 'nudged' Arabs into flight and expelled communities.""
ramale, lod, negrev, galilee operational orders for the army commanders to exile much the native population this was not rogue.
why the great differentia; with irgun and the rest of the Israeli military, who armed the irgun and co-operated with them. the irgun were pawns being used to do the nasty stuff. if the rest of Israeli forces don't want to be tarred by the actions they could have stepped in and stopped it, there was a a fair bit of co-operation and symbiotic relations between the irgun and the rest of the Israeli forces.