Lightman wrote:Fascism is serious in the sense that cancer is serious. But it is not serious in the sense that a person of any real intellectual acuity could embrace it.
From the French Revolution onward, there was mass mobilisation warfare, with industrialisation the mobilisation of the economy and society necessary to win wars kept increasing, culminating in the first world war. In these wars, but particularly in the first world war the Democracies moved towards fascism, with conscription, labour mobilisation and control, import and export controls, heavy financial controls, censorship etc.
Fascism was an entirely rational response to this situation. To maximise the chance of victory in war required the economic, cultural and ideological mobilisation of society in peace time. Germany and Italy might have lost the 2nd world war, but they would have been far less successful in a world war if they had remained democracies. In 1939 to 1941 Germany and Italy succeeded in defeating the British, French, Dutch, Belgium, Danish and Norwegian democracies. Now in the end the British were able to hold out, but only by access to the huge resources of its empire, America, the Belgian, Portuguese, Dutch and much of the French empire. The British were only able to win in alliance with the huge economic power of the United States and the mobilisation of the quasi fascist Soviet Union.
Similar arguments apply to Japan. they might have lost WWII, but they would have got no where near to what they achieved if they had stay a democracy. Americans often like to pat themselves on the back, for not having a serious fascist movement.
But a fascist movement made no rationale sense for the USA as they faced no serious competitor in the Western hemisphere that could mass mobilise a threatening land army. A similar argument applies to Britain. Britain, protected by the English Channel never sought to compete in the fast mass mobilisation army game.
France on the other hand stupidly clung to democracy in the nineteen thirties, they watched impotently in 38 /39 as Germany rolled up their eastern allies, then got thoroughly stomped on in 1940.