- 31 Dec 2021 14:32
#15205376
1864
By the third winter of the war the character of the conflict has altered and the future is more definite. As hope lessens in the South it increases somewhat in the North. The Federal war objective is clear, made so by policy and action, implemented by manpower and material supremacy. Emancipation is an irrevocable commitment. Military conquest of the Confederacy is being pursued relentlessly. The Lincoln administration faces an election, but will that really make a difference?
In the South, they feel pressed back toward their inner bastion, and the dreams of Northern collapse, foreign intervention, lifting the blockade, and dramatic military victories become more and more nebulous. No military campaigns or great battles appear immediate, but the threat is there and many believe it is only a matter of time until disaster. The armies in Virginia, near Chattanooga, and elsewhere, are quiet, but guerrilla activities and small skirmishes are almost continuous. It is a time of regrouping, reassignment of commanders, and soul-searching.
January
Since November there has been no major military action and none is in immediate prospect. In areas of the Confederacy controlled by the North reconstruction efforts begin. The Federal Congress is becoming more conscious of the forthcoming elections. Routine fighting continues in many areas. The Confederacy has command problems, particularly in the West, and discontent with policies of the Davis administration increases in Richmond and throughout the remaining sections of the CSA.
January 1, Friday
Extreme cold sweeps across much of the North and South and temperatures below zero as far south as Memphis, Tennessee, and Cairo, Illinois, causes much suffering among the soldiers. The usual New Year’s Day ceremonies take place at both White Houses.
Despite the cold skirmishing breaks out at Dandridge, Tennessee, and Bunker Hill, West Virginia. For most of January there is only desultory firing against Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Until the 5th Federal cavalry sees action in Hampshire and Hardy counties, West Virginia, and a four-day expedition operates against Confederate guerrillas from Bealeton to Front Royal, Virginia. Throughout January minor operations occur in northeastern Arkansas with skirmishing at Lunenburg, Sylamore, and Sylamore Creek. Union action against Amerinds in the Humbolt District of California also continue for much of January. In Tennessee small-scale fighting between pro-Confederate elements and various Federal outposts and garrisons flare on several occasions. The Union Department of Kansas is reestablished as separate from that of Missouri.
Society cannot exist, unless a controlling power upon will and appetite be placed somewhere; and the less of it there is within, the more there must be without.
—Edmund Burke